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anatomyphysiologyblog - FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF CEREBRAL CORTEX

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Cerebral cortex presents functionally specialized areas. For the descriptive purpose, these areas tin last located on dissimilar lobes of cerebral hemisphere equally given below:

Frontal lobe

1.      Motor expanse or Primary motor area 

Broadmann’s expanse 4
-         Precentral gyrus too anterior component subdivision of paracentral lobule
-         Produce isolated movements on the contrary side of the body
-         Somatotopic representation
o   Inverted too disproportionate to the size of the body part
o   lips, tongue, face, too hands are represented inwards club on the lower lateral surface
o   arm, trunk, too hip inwards club on the upper lateral surface
o  foot, lower leg too anal too genital part on paracentral lobule on medial surface



-          2.      Premotor expanse or secondary motor area
      Broadmann’s expanse vi too parts of expanse 8, 44, too 45
-         Anterior component subdivision of precentral gyrus too posterior component subdivision of superior, middle too inferior frontal gyri

3.      Supplementary motor area
-          Medial frontal gyrus on the medial surface

4.      Frontal Eye Field
-          Broadmann’s expanse 8
-          Lies inwards the middle frontal gyrus inwards forepart of precentral gyrus
-          Causes both eyes to displace to contrary side

5.      Motor Speech expanse of Broca or Broca’s area
-          Broadman’s expanse 44 too 45 on the dominant hemisphere
-          Located inwards the inferior frontal gyrus (pars triangularis too pars opercularis)
-          Injury results inwards aphasia (inability to speak)

6.      Prefrontal cortex
-          Anterior to precentral area
o   Most of the component subdivision of frontal gyri; orbital gyri, almost of medial frontal gyrus too anterior component subdivision of cingulated gyrus
o   Broadmann’s expanse 9, 10, eleven too 12

-          This expanse is concerned amongst
o   normal facial expression of emotions
o   ability to predict consequences of action




Parietal lobe

1.      Primary somesthetic area
-          Broadmann’s expanse 3,1 too 2
-          Occupies precentral gyrus too posterior component subdivision of paracentral lobule
-          Receives fibers from ventral posterior lateral too ventral posterior medial nuclei of thalamus
-          Somatotopic representation
o   Inverted too disproportionate to the size of the body part
o   lips, tongue, face, too hands are represented inwards club on the lower lateral surface
o   arm, trunk, too hip inwards club on the upper lateral surface
o   foot, lower leg too anal too genital regions on paracentral lobule on medial surface

2.      Secondary somesthetic area
-          Superior lip of posterior ramus of lateral sulcus

3.      Somesthetic association area
-          Broadmann’s expanse v too 7
-          Occupies superior parietal lobule extending onto the medial surface
-          Extensive connector amongst other sensory areas of cortex
-          Receive too integrate dissimilar sensory modalities
-          Enables i to recognize object placed inwards the paw without visual aid


Occipital lobe

Primary visual area
-          Broadmann’s expanse 17
-          Walls of the posterior component subdivision of the calcarine sulcus
-          Receives fibers from lateral geniculate body

Secondary visual area
-          Broadmann’s areas eighteen too 19
-          Surrounds the principal visual area
-          Interpret too relate the visual data received yesteryear principal visual area


Temporal Lobe

Primary auditory area
-          Broadmann’s areas 41 too 42
-         Situated inwards the inferior wall of posterior ramus of lateral sulcus

Secondary auditory area
-          Broadmann’s expanse 22
-          Posterior to principal auditory expanse inwards the lateral sulcus too inwards the superior temporal gyrus

Sensory vocalization communication expanse of Wernicke
-          Present inwards the dominant hemisphere
-          In the superior temporal gyrus amongst extensions around posterior halt of lateral sulcus
-          Connected to Broca’s expanse yesteryear arcuate fasciculus
-          Receives fibers from visual too auditory cortex
-          Enables agreement of written too spoken language

      REFERENCES: 
     Gray’s Anatomy, 39th Edition 
     Snell’s Clinical Neuroanatomy seventh Edition 
     Lange Clinical Neuroanatomy 25th Edition